Analysis on reported data of immunization monitoring system for category II vaccine in China, 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the immunization status of category II vaccine in Chinese Mainland in 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The completeness of report unit by township and county, including 31 provinces (cities, municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the number of doses and the number of counties covered for category II vaccine at different areas, average types of category II vaccine by county were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods, according to monthly report of vaccination data for category II vaccines by township in 2012 which all of provinces and population were almost covered, through the National Immunization Program(NIP) monitoring information system of China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 29 kinds of category II vaccine with 90 843 530 doses were reported in 2012, and the total average dose was 674.2 per 10 000 people. The report completeness by county and township were 83.32% (29 557/35 472) and 80.01% (396 652/495 756) respectively. The reported doses of rabies vaccine for human use, Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine and influenza vaccine was the top third vaccine, among those for all kinds of category II vaccine, which were 17 027 259, 13 996 206, 11 324 518 respectively, and 126.4, 103.9, 84.1 doses per 10 000 people. In 2773 county units, varicella attenuated live vaccine, influenza vaccine, rabies vaccine for human use were the top three kinds of category II vaccine in terms of the number of county where vaccines have been used in 2012, which were 2442(88.06%), 2415(87.09%), 2366(85.32%) respectively. Guangdong province with 12 266 531 doses was the highest report doses for category II vaccine whereas Qinghai province with 57 767 doses was the lowest number in 2012. Regarding to the average report doses by province, the highest or lowest number was 2425.0 doses per 10 000 people in Shanghai province, and 101.7 doses per 10 000 people in Qinghai province separately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Many kinds of category II vaccine with a large amount have been used in China, and there are significant different among areas. Surveillance and management for category II vaccines should be future improved.</p>

Change s of haemagglutination inhibitionan tibody level within one month after in fluenza A (H1N 1) vaccination / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To find the changes of haemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) antibody level against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) within one month after pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccine (A/H1N1InfV) vaccination, and to provide data for drawing up immunization protocols against novel influenza . Methods The HI antibodies against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) in sera from the inoculated subjects were tested by HI test .The geometric mean titer ( GMT) , geometric mean increase ( GMI) , seroconversion (SC) rate, seroprotection (SP) rate of HI antibodies were compared among the sera collected on day 3, 7, 14, 30 post vaccination .Results 961 participants were injected with A/H1N1InfV.In subjects aged 3 to 11 years, the antibody level peaked on day 14 post vaccination, but neither on day 14 nor on day 30, the lower bound of the two -sided 95%CI for the SP rate could fulfill the criteria of the FDA for influenza vac-cine.In subjects aged 12 to 60 years, the antibody level peaked on day 14 post vaccination and the SC rate , SP rate and GMI fulfilled the criteria of the European Medicines Agency ( EMEA) and the FDA for influenza vaccine. In subjects aged more than 60 years, the antibody level peaked on day 30 post vaccination , and the SC rate, SP rate and GMI on day 30 fulfilled the criteria of the EMEA and the FDA .Conclusion One dose A/H1N1InfV vaccination was able to induce enough protection on day 14 for subjects aged 12 to 60 years, on day 30 for subjects aged more than 60 years;however , for subjects aged 3 to 11 years who were antibody-negative at baseline , the lower bound of the two-sided 95%CI for the SP rate on day 14 and day 30 couldn′t fulfill the criteria of the FDA for influenza vaccine .

Prognostic factors of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic predictors of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Records of 80 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between clinical and haematological factors and prognosis was analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, 33 of 80 patients achieved complete response, the 5-year overall survival and progression free survival were 52.5% and 32.5%, respectively. In univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Ann Arbor stage, local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity, international prognostic index, complete response rate to the primary treatment, treatment model, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),β2-microglobulin level, globulin and white blood cell were found to be the prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that unfavorable prognostic factors included complete response rate to the primary treatment (χ(2) = 17.109, P < 0.01), LDH(χ(2) = 15.695, P < 0.01), and local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity (χ(2) = 13.503, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Complete response rate to the primary treatment, elevated plasma LDH and tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity may be independent prognostic factors for NK/T cell lymphoma.</p>

Expression and prognostic value of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissues / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prognostic value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CD163 and Foxp3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 92 cases of DLBCL, and it was statistically analyzed whether their expressions correlate with clinical data and prognosis in patients with DLBCL.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The density of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cells in DLBCL tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P = 0.02, P = 0.04). The expression of M2 macrophages was significantly positively correlated with regulatory T cells expression (r = 2.012, P < 0.05). High density of M2 or Tregs had a relationship with extranodal involvement (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the expressions of CD163 and Foxp3 were independent prognostic factors of DLBCL (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combined detection of the expression of CD163 and Foxp3 proteins and then evaluation of the amount of M2 macrophages and Tregs can be used to more closely predict the prognosis for DLBCL patients.</p>

Efficacy and adverse effets of nimotuzumab plus palitaxel liposome and carboplatin in the treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with palitaxel liposome and carboplatin (LP) regimen for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to observe the changes of tumor markers and toxicities in the treatment. METHODS Forty-one patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into 2 groups: 21 patients in the observation group were treated with nimotuzumab (200 mg per week for 6 weeks), palitaxel liposome 160 mg/m2 and carboplatin (AUC = 6). 20 patients in the control group were given LP regimen. Each group completed two cycles of chemotherapy. The level of tumor markers (CEA, CYFR21-1 and NSE) and toxicities were checked at one week before and after the treatment. Thoracic CT examinations were taken before treatment and at the fourth week and eighth week after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the observation group, there were 2 cases of CR, 7 cases of PR, 9 cases of SD and 3 cases of PD. The objective response rate (RR) was 42. 9% in the observation group. In the control group, there were 1 case of CR, 6 cases of PR, 8 cases of SD and 5 cases of PD, with a RR of 35.0% in this group. There was no significant difference in the RR between the two groups (P = 0.751). The time to progression (TIP) was 6. 9 months in the observation group and 5. 7 months in the control group, with a significant difference (P = 0.027). The levels of NSE decreased significantly in both groups and showed a significant difference (P = 0.039). The levels of CEA and CYFRA21 in both groups were decreased after treatment, but did not show a significant difference before and after treatment, respectively. Except 3 cases had I-II skin toxicities on the faces in the observation group, there was no significant difference in toxicities between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nimotuzmab combined with LP regimen shows a synergistic effect, can increase the efficacy and prolong TFP in advanced NSCLC patients. The toxicities are mild and tolerable.</p>

Efficacy and survival status of retuximab-NCE regimen treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p>

Expression of Cdc7 and mcm2 as a marker for proliferation and prognosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cell division cycle 7 (Cdc7) kinase and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and explore their relationship with prognosis of DLBCL patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 60 DLBCL patients treated in our hospital from 2008.1 to 2010.1 were collected. The expression levels of Cdc7 and MCM2 in peripheral blood and bone marrow were determined by real-time PCR. A statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate their association with prognosis in DLBCL patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of peripheral blood Cdc7 was 38.3% and those with low expression 65.4% (P = 0.001). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of bone marrow Cdc7 was 37.2% and those with low expression was 75.5% (P = 0.032). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in peripheral blood was 44.0% and those with low expression was 68.2% (P = 0.025). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in bone marrow was 39.0% and those with low expression was 63.4% (P = 0.007). A poor disease specific survival was observed in DLBCL patients with high level expression of Cdc7 and MCM2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cdc7 and MCM2 expression can be used to assess tumor proliferation and may be useful as an additional marker in combination with conventional markers in prediction of the outcome of DLBCL patients. Moreover, the Cdc7 and MCM2 signal pathway might be useful as a new approach in the treatment of refractory DLBCL lymphoma patients.</p>

Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 37 NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the thirty-seven patients, 12 patients were in stage III B, 25 patients in stage IV. Twenty-four patients recived platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab, 13 patients recived nonplatinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab. Ten patients received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line regimen, 23 patients as second-line regimen, 4 patients as third-line regimen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 37 advanced NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, the total number of chemotherapy were 137 cycles, the mean number was 3.7 cycles. One patient had complete remission (CR), 9 patients had partial remission (PR), 16 cases had stable disease (SD), and 11 patients had progressive disease (PD). The response rate (RR) was 27% and clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 70.3%. The main side effects were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions. Grade I acneiform rash was found in one patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The regimen of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy can improve the response rate and was well tolerated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.</p>

In vitro synergistic effect of bortezomib and pirarubicin on proliferation and apoptosis of T cell lymphoma cell line Hut-78 cells / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the in vitro effect of bortezomib (BTZ) alone and in combination with pirarubicin (THP) on the growth inhibition of human cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell line Hut-78.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hut-78 cells were cultured with different concentrations of BTZ or THP alone and the two drugs combination for 48 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated. The cell cycle inhibitor P21 was determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BTZ or THP alone significantly inhibited the growth of Hut-78 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In the combination groups, the inhibitory effect of BTZ followed by THP was the highest (P < 0.01). When the inhibition rate was more than 50%, the combination index analysis showed significant synergistic if treated with BTZ followed by THP or the two at the same time, but antagonistic if treated with THP followed by BTZ. With the inhibition rate increasing, only the synergistic effect of BTZ followed by THP was further increased. The apoptosis rate of BTZ followed by THP was higher than that of single agent each (P < 0.01). BTZ alone significantly increased the proportion of cells in G(2)/M phase (P < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression level of P21. Sequential THP notably enhanced BTZ-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BTZ alone effectively induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of Hut-78 cells in vitro. BTZ followed by THP can synergistically enhance this cytotoxic effect. The mechanism may be that THP enhances BTZ-induced G(2)/M arrest and P21 up-regulation.</p>

Effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on the immunogenicity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine: multi-level modeling of data with repeated measures / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide (Al-OH) adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) vaccine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 μg hemagglutinin antigen, with or without aluminum hydroxide (Al-OH). We classified the participants into six age categories (>61 years, 41-60 years, 19-40 years, 13-18 years, 8-12 years, and 3-7 years) and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0, 21, 35, and 42 following the first dose of immunization. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity by measuring the geometric mean titer (GMT) of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. We used a two-level model to evaluate the fixed effect of aluminum Al-OH and other factors, accounting for repeated measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The predictions of repeated measurement on GMTs of formulations with or without Al-OH, were 80.35 and 112.72, respectively. Al-OH significantly reduced immunogenicity after controlling for time post immunization, age-group and gender.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Al-OH adjuvant does not increase but actually reduces the immunogenicity of the split-virion pH1N1 vaccine.</p>

Clinical characteristics and treatment analysis of primary breast lymphoma: 49 cases report / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the morbidity, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, metastasis, treatment and prognosis of primary breast lymphoma (PBL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1960 to August 2007, 49 cases with PBL were treated among 22811 cases of breast malignancy and 7337 cases of malignant lymphoma. The clinical data of these 49 patients, included gender, age, pathologic type, breast X ray and B ultrasound examination results, involved lymph nodes and organs, treatment, survival time, were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 1960 to 2007, the incidence rate of PBL in Tianjin Municipality was 59/10 millions; in details, the incidence rate of PBL for every 10 years was 2/10 millions, 3/10 millions, 0, 13/10 millions and 32/10 millions, respectively. According to circle graph of age, PBL occurred frequently in female aged 30 to 59 years. Most of this group of PBL was non-Hodgkin lymphoma (48 cases). No typical characteristics was found with the examination of breast X ray, B ultrasound and frozen section pathology. Bone marrow (9 cases), lung (7 cases), meninges (4 cases) and ovary (4 cases) were frequently involved organs. The overall 5-year survival rate was 6.1% for the group. The prognosis in patients with radical mastectomy combined chemotherapy was much better than that in patient received super to local mastectomy plus chemotherapy or simple tumor resection plus chemotherapy (5-year survival rates were 21.4%, 0, 0, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PBL is a kind of rare lymphoma with incidence increasing sharply in the past few decades. The clinical manifestation is atypical. Diagnosis of PBL should adopt histological examination. Radical mastectomy combined chemotherapy could bring better prognosis, but the prognosis is still poor.</p>

High-dose chemotherapy/autologous stem cell transplantation for nasopharyngeal T cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the role of high-dose chemotherapy (HCT)/autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review of 51 patients who underwent HCT/ASCT between January 1995 and January 2007.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 51 patients who underwent ASCT, no treatment-related death was seen; sixteen patients relapsed after transplant, two patients are still alive through salvage chemotherapy 91 months and 56 months after relapse, the other fourteen patients died in tumor progression. 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 98.0%, 84.0% and 72.0%, respectively. 1-year, 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 90.2%, 78.4%and 66.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage, B symptom and IPI were prognostic factors for patients with nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas, the P value being 0.041, 0.036 and 0.031, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation can improve cure rate and prolong survival time significantly in patients with nasopharyngeal T cell lymphomas.</p>

Capecitabine combined with weekly docetaxel in Chinese patients > 65 years with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>There are no data on more tolerable capecitabine doses in elderly patients in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and safety of capecitabine combined with weekly docetaxel for the treatment of anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in older Chinese patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MBC patients aged > 65 years pretreated with 1 - 5 prior chemotherapy regimens, including an anthracycline, received oral capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily, days 1 - 14, plus docetaxel 30 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. All 41 enrolled patients received at least 1 dose of treatment and were evaluable for safety; 38 received at least 2 cycles (median 4, range 2 - 8) and were evaluable for efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall objective response rate was 47%, including complete responses in 8% of patients. Median time to progression was 8.9 months. Median overall survival was 17.6 months. The most common side effects were haematological and gastrointestinal toxicities and hand-foot syndrome. The only grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (12%), alopecia (7%), grade 3 nausea and vomiting (2%) and grade 3 nail toxicity (2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily plus weekly docetaxel is active with an acceptable safety profile in Chinese women > 65 years with anthracycline-resistant MBC. Efficacy and tolerability compare favourably with previously reported trials evaluating higher capecitabine doses in combination with 3-weekly or weekly docetaxel.</p>

Multicenter phase II clinical trial of uroacitides injection in the treatment for advanced malignant tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy, safety and the life quality improvement of uroacitides injection in the treatment for patients with advanced malignant tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 160 patients with advanced stage cancers were enrolled into this multicenter, open and non-randomized phase II clinical trial, including cancers of the lung (33 cases), liver (45 cases), breast (17 cases), esophagus (11 cases), stomach (18 cases), colon (19 cases), pancreas (3 cases) and kidney (4 cases), and glioma (10 cases). Uroacitides was administrated in a dose of 300 ml daily via the superior vena cava catheter for consecutive 4-8 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 160 patients, 21 dropped out and one patient died during the trial. Efficacy could be evaluated in 138 patients and safety in 160. The total objective response rate (ORR, CR + PR)) and tumor control rate (CR + PR + MR + SD) of the 138 evaluable patients were 5.8% and 65.2%, respectively. Clinical benefit response (CBR) rate was 57.2%. Major adverse effects were grade I - II and reversible nausea/vomiting (21.9%) and pain (6.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uroacitides injection is effective in the control for various kinds of advanced cancers with mild, reversible and tolerable adverse effects, and can also improve the patient's quality of life. It is worth being studied further.</p>

DNCE regimen for treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DNCE [DXM, navelbine (NVB), DDP and Vp-16] regimen and DICE [dexamethasone (DXM), ifosfamide (IFO), cisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (Vp-16)] regimen in the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 69 patients with histopathologically proved advanced aggressive and highly aggressive NHL were randomized into trial group (32 patients treated with DNCE regimen) and control group (37 patients treated with DICE regimen). The control group was given DICE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; IFO 1 g/m2), iv d1 approximately d4; Mesna 400 mg, iv q8h, d1 approximately d4; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. The trial group was given DNCE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; NVB 25 mg/m2, iv d1 and d5; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. Each patient completed at least 2 cycles of treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A better efficacy was shown in the complete response rate, partial response rate, and total response rate between DNCE and DICE groups (18.8% vs. 10.8%, 37.5% vs. 35.1%, and 56.3% vs. 45.9%, respectively), but the differences were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were not significantly increased in DNCE group compared with that in DICE group (86.5% vs. 87.5%, 58.3% vs. 63.2%, 42.9% vs.38.5%, respectively, P > 0.05). The major side effects were leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea in both groups. The bone marrow depression in DNCE group was significantly slighter than that in the DICE group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of DNCE regimen is as good as DICE regimen, and the bone marrow toxicity is less severe in DNCE group than that in DICE regimen. Therefore, the DNCE regimen is an effective second-line salvage regimen for the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.</p>

Study on the immunity of diphtheria in children at county level with different 4-vaccine coverage rates based on the results from "National Immunization Program Review" in 2004 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunity level of diphtheria antibody among children living in the areas where different coverage rates of 4-vaccines stratified by results of national immunization program (NIP) reviewed in 2004.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to data from 4-vaccine coverage rates of NIP reviewed in 2004, 3 levels could be set. We randomly selected 2 counties at each level and then 10 villages from each county with 42 children involved who were born between 1992 and 2003. ELISA quantitative method was used to test IgG of diphtheria antitoxin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The positive rate of diphtheria antitoxin was only 49.6% with the highest as 78.1% and lowest as 33.0%. There was a significant decreasing trend of this positive rate with the increase of age. The highest (61.2%) fell in the group that were born in 2003 and the lowest (37.6%) was seen among children born in 1992 to 1995. (2) Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) was only 0.48 IU/ml with a trend of decrease when age was increasing. There was no GMCs peak seen in children who were at the age of boosting, as expected. (3) Positive rates of children born between 2001 and 2003 were lower than 62% while the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine coverage rates were all higher than 90%. (4) There was no significant difference of diphtheria antitoxin positive rates between children with eligible routine immunization (58.1%) and those were ineligible (59.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Other than some specific ones, children from most of the investigated counties had a low level of antibody against diphtheria. The coverage rate of DPT vaccine did not necessarily reflect the immunity against diphtheria, suggesting the increase of immunity against diphtheria an urgent task to be taken care of.</p>

Treatment outcome and prognosis of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with high dose radiotherapy/chemotherapy in 22 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the outcome and prognosis of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) combined with high dose radiotherapy/chemotherapy in 22 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 1992 to December 2005, 22 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma were diagnosed pathologically. Immunophenotyping was performed in 13 cases. The patients were classified by Ann Arbor staging system and international prognosis index (IPI). The patients received cycles of chemotherapy every other two weeks or combined with radiotherapy for remission induction, followed high dose radiotherapy/chemotherapy, combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT), or autologous bone-marrow transplantation (ABMT). Patients were given complementary radiotherapy after transplantation if they did not have it before. Twelve patients of IPI 3 -4 received consolidation chemotherapy, and one of them received the second transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median follow-up duration was 64 (12 - 168) months. The 5 and 8-year overall survivals (OS) were 79.3% and 64.1%, and disease free survivals (DFS) were 36.4% and 27.3%, respectively. The 5-year OS were as follows: for stage I - II and III - IV disease were 90.0% and 70.0% (P = 0. 041); for patients without and with B symptom were 100.0% and 70.7% (P = 0.045); and for IPI 1 - 2 and 3 - 4 were 100.0% and 60.0% (P = 0.035), respectively. Multivariate analysis by COX regression revealed that disease stage, B symptom and IPI were independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AHSCT combined with high dose radiotherapy/chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with poor prognosis nasal NK/T cell lymphoma.</p>

Phase II clinical trial on China manufactured recombinant human interleukin-11 derivative in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This phase II clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) derivative manufactured in China in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (< or = 75 x 10(9)/L) were studied by self-cross control. Ninty-one of them received 2 cycles of chemotherapy. In the first cycle (control cycle) the patients received chemotherapy only, while in the second cycle (treatment cycle), the patients were given subcutaneous injection of rhIL-11 derivative (40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1)) once daily after chemotherapy for 10 consecutive days or more until platelet count reached > or = 300 x 10(9)/L.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The patients with platelet count of < or = 75 x 10(9)/L was 89/89 in the control cycle and 44/89 in the treatment cycle (P = 0.00). The recovery time to the normal platelet count was 1-47 days (median 9 days) in the control cycle, and 1-18 days (median 5.5 days) in treatment cycle (P = 0.00). 2. Patients with platelet count of < or = 50 x 10(9)/L was 56/89 in the control cycle and 20/89 in the treatment cycle (P = 0.00). The recovery time to normal platelet count was 1-31 days (median 9 days) in the control cycle and 3-13 days (median 6 days) in the treatment cycle (P = 0.05). 3. The median nadir platelet count was 44 x 10(9)/L (range: 10 x 10(9)/L-75 x 10(9)/L) in the control cycle, and 83 x 10(9)/L (range: 10 x 10(9)/L-310 x 10(9)/L) in the treatment cycle (P = 0.00). The time of recovery to the normal platelet count was 1-31 days (median 6 days) in the control cycle, and 0-13 days (median 2 days) in the treatment cycle (P = 0.00). 4. Nine of 89 evaluable patients required platelet transfusion in the control cycle versus 1 of 89 patients in treatment cycle (P = 0.01), and the total platelet transfusion was 10 times in the control cycle versus once in the treatment cycle (P = 0.01). 5. The major adverse events associated with rhIL-11 derivative were: headache, fatigue, myalgia/arthralgia, edema and palpitation, etc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rhIL-11 derivative can be safely and effectively used for the prevention and treatment for chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.</p>

Construction of adenovirus vector expressing TIP30 and its tumor suppressive effect in vitro and in vivo / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an adenovirus vector expressing TIP30 gene (Ad-TIP30) and investigate its tumor suppressive effect in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ad-Easy system was used to construct Ad-TIP30 by recombination in E. coli. The virus was packaged in 293 cells and subsequently identified valid. Human HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines HepG(2) (p53-wt), PLC/PRL/5 (p53-mut), and osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 (p53-null) with different p53 genotype were infected with Ad-TIP30 and control virus with Ad-GFP, respectively. The tumor suppressive effect of TIP30 in vitro was examined by trypan blue exclusion method. The expression level of p53 was determined by RT-PCR before and after Ad-TIP30 infection. The in vivo tumor suppressive effect was detected in nude mice with human HCC xenograft.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TIP30 significantly inhibited the in vitro proliferation of tumor cells, among which HepG(2) with wild type p53 gene was most susceptible to Ad-TIP30 induced growth inhibition. The expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated in HepG(2) after Ad-TIP30 infection as determined by RT-PCR. The growth in nude mice of HCC infected with Ad-TIP30 was significantly inhibited with an inhibition rate of 62.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of TIP30 could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cell lines through both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways, and may be used as a potential tool for cancer therapy.</p>